Indian Customs gears up for GST roll-out
The purpose of this guidance note is to bring clarity about the impact of GST, which would come into force with effect from 01.07.2017, for importers and exporters.
On the imports side there would be no impact on levy of Basic Customs duty, Education Cess, Anti-dumping duty, Safeguard duty and the lie. However, the Additional duties of Customs, which are in common parlance referred to as Countervailing Duty (CVD) and Special Additional duty of Customs (SAD), would be replaced with the levy of Intergrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST), barring a few exceptions, On the exports side, export would be treated as zero-rated supply. Under zero supply IGST paid on export goods, or the input tax credit proportionate to the goods and services consumed in goods exported under bond / LUT would be refunded.
A brief summary of the changes that would impact importers and exporters upon roll out of GST are encapsulated below.
IMPORTS UNDER GST
(II) Duties at the time of import. In the GST regime, IGST Compensation cess will be levied on imports by virtue of sub-sections (7) & (9) of Section 3 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975. Barring a few commodities such as pan masala, certain petroleum products which attract levy of CVD, majority of imports would attract levy of IGST. Further, a few products such as aerated waters, tobacco products, motor vehicles etc.; would also attract levy of GST Compensation Cess, over and above IGST, IGST AND GST Compensation cess, wherever applicable, would be levied on cargo that would arrive on or after 1st July 2017. It may also be noted that IGST would also be levied on cargo which has arrived prior to 1st July but a bill of entry is filed on or after 1st July 2017. Similarly ex-bond bill of entry filed on or after 1st July 2017 would attract IGST and GST Compensation cess, as applicable. In the case where cargo arrival is after 1st July and an advance bill of entry was filed before 1st July along with the payment of duty, the bill of entry may be recalled and reassessed by the proper officer for levy of IGST and GST compensation Cess, as applicable
(III) Duty Calculation: IGST rate: IGST rate have been notified through notification 01/2017 - Integrated Tax (Rate), dated 28-06-2017. IGST rate on any product can be ascertained by selecting the correct SL No. as per description of goods and tariff headings in the relevant schedules of the notification. Importers are advised to familiarize themselves with IGST and GST Compensation cess rates, schedule and exemptions which are available on CBEC website. The Customs duty calculator would be made available on CBEC and ICEGATE website. There are seven rates prescribed for IGST - Nil,0.25%, 3%, 5%, 12%,18% and 28%. The actual rate applicable to an item would depend on its classification and would be specified in Schedules notified under section 5 of the IGST Act, 2017. The rates applicable to goods of Chapter 98 are as under:
(#) 9801 - Project Imports - 18%
(#) 9802 - Laboratory chemicals - 18%
(#) 9803 - Passenger baggage - Nuk /Rate
(#) 9804 - Specified Drugs and medicines for personal use -5%
(#) 9804 - Other drugs and medicines for personal use - 12%
(#) 9804 - All other dutiable goods for personal use -28%
Likewise different rates of tax have been notified for goods attracting Compensation Cess which is leviable on 55 item descriptions (of supply). These rates are mostly ad valorem. But some also attract either specific rates (e.g. coal) or mixed rates (ad valorem + specific) as for cigarettes, The coverage of the goods under GST compensation cess is available on CBEC website along with their HSN codes and applicable cess rates. The IGST Rates of Goods, Chapter wise IGST rate, GST Compensation Cess rates, IGST Exemption/Concession are available on CBEC website for trade and departmental officer as well.
VALUATIN AND METHOD OF CALCULATION: IGST is leviable on the value of imported goods and for calculating integrated tax on any imported article, the value of such imported goods would be the aggregate of -
(i) the value of imported article determined under sub- section (1) of section 14 of the Customs Act, 1962 or the tariff value fixed under sub-section (2) of the that section and
(ii) any duty of Customs chargeable on that article under section 12 of the Customs Act, 1962 and any sum chargeable on that article under any law for the time being in force as an addition to, or as duty of Customs but does not include to the tax referred in the sub-section 7 (IGST) and sub-section 9 (Compensation Ccess)
The value of the imported article for the purpose of levying GST Compensation cess shall be, assessable value plus Basic customs Duty levied under the Act, and any sum chargeable on the goods under any law for the time being in force, as an addition to, and in the same manner as, a duty of customs. These would include education cess or higher education cess as well as anti-dumping and safeguard duties. The inclusion of anti-dumping duties and safeguard duty in the value for levy of IGST and Compensation Cess is an important change. These were not hitherto included in the value for the levy of additional duty of customs (CVD) or Special additional Duty (SAD). The IGST paid shall not be added to the value for the purpose of calculating Compensation Cess.
Although BCD, Education Cesses and IGST would be applicable in majority of cases, however, for some products CVD, SAD OR IGSI Compensation cess may also be applicable. For different scenarios the duty calculation process has been illustrated in Annexure -1 of this document.
(IV) Changes in import procedures:
Importer Exporter Code (IEC): In GST regime, GSTIN would be use for credit flow of IGST paid on import of goods. Therefore. GSTIN would be the key identifier. GSTN is not applicable, UN or PAN would be accepted as IEC. It is advised that all importers need to quote GSTIN in their Bills of Entry in addition in IEC. In due course of time IEC would be replaced by PAN/ GSTIN.
Bill of Entry Regulations and Format: To capture additional details in the Bill of entry such as GSTIN, IGST rate and amount, GST Compensation Cess and amount, the electronic as well as manual formats of Bill of entry including Courier Bill of entry are being amended. For the benefit of the trade, modified Forms have been hosted on the departmental website, www.cbec.gov.in. Further, suitable notifications shall be issued to amend the relevant regulations and introduce modified Forms.
(V) Import under Export Promotion Schemes and duty payment through EXM scrips:
Under the GST regime, Customs duties will be exempted on imports made under export promotion schemes namely EPCG, DEEC (Advance License) and DFIA, IGST and COMPENSATION cess will have to be paid on such imports.
The EXIM scrips under the export incentive schemes of chapter 3 of FTP (for example MEIS and SEIS) can be utilized only for payment of Customs duties or additional duties of Customs, on items not covered by GST at the time of import. The scrips cannot be utilized for payment of integrated Tax and compensation Cess. Similarly, scrips cannot be used for payment of CGST, SGST or IGST for domestic procurements.
(VI) Baggage: Full exemption from IGST has been provided on passenger baggage. However, basic customs duty shall be leviable at the rate of 35% and education cess as applicable on the value which is in excess of the duty free allow acnes provided under the Baggage Rules, 2016
(VII) EOUs and SEZ.: EOUs/ EHTPs/STPs will be allowed to import goods without payment of basic customs duty (BCD) as well additional duties leviable under Section 3 (1) and 3(5) of the customs Tariff Act. GST would be leviable on the import of input goods or services, or both used in the manufacture by EOUs which can be taken as input tax credit (ITC). This ITC can be utilized for payment of GST taxes payable on the goods cleared in the DTA or refund of unutilized ITC can be claimed under Section 54 (3) of CGST Act. In the GST regime, clearance of goods in DTA will attract GST besides payment of amount equal to BCD exemption availed on inputs used in such finished goods. DTA clearances of goods, which are not under GST, would attract Central Excise duties as before
(VIII) Refunds of SAD paid on imports:
The need for SAD refunds arose mainly on account of the fact that traders or dealers of imported goods were unable to take credit of this duty (which was a Central Tax) while discharging their VAT or Sales tax liability (which was State levy) on subsequent sale of the goods. Unless corrected through a mechanism such as refund (of one of the taxes) this would have resulted in "double" payment of tax. with the introduction of GST on 01.07.2017, credit of "eligible duties " in respect of input held in stock and inputs contained in semi-finished or finished goods held in stock, is permissible to registered persons not liable to be registered under the existing law (for instance, VAT dealers) under transitional provision (Section 140(3) of the CGST Act). Further, eligible duties as defined in sub-section (10) include SAD. In other words, dealers / traders can take ITC of SAD paid on goods imported prior to 1st July 2017. Sub-section (5) of section 140 also allows a registered person to take credit of eligible duties in respect of inputs received on or after 1st July 2017 but the duty on which has been paid under the existing law. These provisions taken together ensure that SAD paid by dealers/ traders can be set-off against their GST liability as and when imported goods are supplied by them in the domestic market. However, certain items which are out of the GST net would be eligible for SAD refunds as earlier.
(XI) Imports and Input Tax Credit (ITC)
In GST regime, input tax credit of the integrated tax (IGST) and GST Compensation Cess shall be available to the importer and later to the recipients in the supply chain, however the credit of basic customs duty (BCD) would not be available. In order to avail ITC of IGST and GST Compensation Cess, an importer has to mandatorily declare GST Registration number (GSTIN) in the Bill of Entry. Provisional IDs issued by GSTN can be declared during the transition period. However, importers are advised to complete their registration process for GSTIN as ITC of IGST would be available based on GSTIN declared in the Bill of Entry. Input tax credit shall be availed by a registered person only it all the applicable particulars as prescribed in the Invoice Rules are contained in the said document, and the relevant information, as contained in the said document, is furnished in FORM GSTR -2 by such person.
Customs EDI system would be interconnected with GSTN for validation of ITC. Furter. Bill of Entry data in non- EDI locations would be digitized and used for validation of input tax credit provided by GSTIN.
